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Heart Failure and Q10: Increasing cardiac output (EJF)

Geplaatst: di aug 26, 2003 12:30 pm
door Willy
<h4>Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant</h4><I>
Folkers K, Langsjoen P, Langsjoen PH. Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Texas, Austin 78712. </I><BR>
Twenty years of international open and seven double blind trials established the efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to treat patients in heart failure. In the U.S., ca. 20,000 patients under 65 years are eligible for transplants, but donors are less than 1/10th of those eligible, and there are many more such patients over 65, both eligible and ineligible. We treated eleven exemplary transplant candidates with CoQ10; all improved; three improved from Class IV to Class I; four improved from Classes III-IV to Class II; and two improved from Class III to Class I or II. After CoQ10, some patients required no conventional drugs and had no limitation in lifestyle. The marked improvement is based upon correcting myocardial deficiencies of CoQ10 which improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and cardiac performance. These case histories, and very substantial background proof of efficacy and safety, justify treating with CoQ10 patients in failure awaiting transplantation.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10</h4><I>
Langsjoen PH, Vadhanavikit S, Folkers K. </I><BR>
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a biochemically established redox component of respiration including the coupled mechanisms of electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation, is naturally present in the human myocardium. A double-blind and double-crossover trial has been conducted by administering CoQ10 and a matching placebo orally to two groups of patients having class III or IV cardiomyopathy (classification according to criteria of the New York Heart Association). Group A received CoQ10 and then placebo; group B received placebo and then CoQ10. Blood levels of CoQ10 and cardiac function were determined at 0 and 4 weeks (control stabilization period) and at 16 and 28 weeks (after the 12-week CoQ/placebo-treatment periods). For group A, significant increases in CoQ10 blood levels and cardiac function occurred during CoQ10 treatment and then decreased during crossover to placebo. For group B, there was no change in CoQ10 blood levels and cardiac function during placebo treatment, but increases in both parameters occurred in crossover to CoQ10. These patients, steadily worsening and expected to die within 2 years under conventional therapy, generally showed an extraordinary clinical improvement, indicating that CoQ10 therapy might extend the lives of such patients. This improvement could be due to correction of a myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and to enhanced synthesis of CoQ10-requiring enzymes.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Coenzyme Q10: clinical benefits with biochemical correlates suggesting a scientific breakthrough in the management of chronic heart failure</h4><I>
Author(s): Mortensen SA; Vadhanavikit S; Muratsu K; Folkers K Address: Medical Department B, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Source: Int J Tissue React 1990;12(3):155-62 </I><BR>
Abstract: There are obviously several causes of myocardial dysfunction but energy deficiency of the myocytes may play a significant role and probably is a common mechanism during the progression of myocardial failure. Theoretically, a poor utilization efficiency of oxygen may be due to exhaustion of the myocardial stores of bioenergetics. In this report the authors review their biochemical results from measurements of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in blood and human endomyocardial biopsies using an HPLC method from patients with suspected myocardial disease (n = 45). The levels of CoQ10, which has a key role in the respiratory chain and the synthesis of ATP, was found to be significantly decreased in various groups of patients with myocardial failure (dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy and alcoholic heart disease) as compared to "normal" myocardium (0.42 +/- 0.04 micrograms/mg dry weight). The deficiency of CoQ10 was more pronounced with increasing symptoms; e.g. patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in NYHA Classes III and IV had lower tissue CoQ10 content than those of Classes I and II (0.28 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.06 micrograms/mg, p less than 0.001). Nearly two thirds of a series of 40 patients in severe heart failure (Classes III and IV) treated with CoQ10, 100 mg daily, in an open, controlled design showed subjective and objective improvement. Clinical responders were 69% and 43% of patients with cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease, respectively. The results suggest that CoQ10 is a novel and effective breakthrough in heart-failure therapy and it appears safe, as no adverse reactions were registered. The through in heart-failure therapy and it appears safe, as no adverse reactions were registered.(
Source: http://www.aeiveos.com/diet/coq10/91115530.html
<h4>Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators</h4><I>
Baggio E, Gandini R, Plancher AC, Passeri M, Carmosino G.Department of Internal Medicine, V. Buzzi Hospital, Reggio Emilia. </I><BR>
Digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators are considered the standard therapy for patients with congestive heart failure, for which treatment is tailored according to the severity of the syndrome and the patient profile. Apart from the clinical seriousness, heart failure is always characterized by an energy depletion status, as indicated by low intramyocardial ATP and coenzyme Q10 levels. We investigated safety and clinical efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) adjunctive treatment in congestive heart failure which had been diagnosed at least 6 months previously and treated with standard therapy. A total of 2664 patients in NYHA classes II and III were enrolled in this open noncomparative 3-month postmarketing study in 173 Italian centers. The daily dosage of CoQ10 was 50-150 mg orally, with the majority of patients (78%) receiving 100 mg/day. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at the entry into the study and on day 90; the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms was made using from two-to seven-point scales. The results show a low incidence of side effects: 38 adverse effects were reported in 36 patients (1.5%) of which 22 events were considered as correlated to the test treatment. After three months of test treatment the proportions of patients with improvement in clinical signs and symptoms were as follows: cyanosis 78.1%, oedema 78.6%, pulmonary rales 77.8%, enlargement of liver area 49.3%, jugular reflux 71.81%, dyspnoea 52.7%, palpitations 75.4%, sweating 79.8%, subjective arrhytmia 63.4%, insomnia 662.8%, vertigo 73.1% and nocturia 53.6%. Moreover we observed a contemporary improvement of at least three symptoms in 54% of patients; this could be interpreted as an index of improved quality of life.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Effective and safe therapy with coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy</h4><I>
Langsjoen PH, Folkers K, Lyson K, Muratsu K, Lyson T, Langsjoen P.Department of Medicine, Scott and White Clinic, Temple, Texas. </I><BR>
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is indispensable in mitochondrial bioenergetics and for human life to exist. 88/115 patients completed a trial of therapy with CoQ10 for cardiomyopathy. Patients were selected on the basis of clinical criteria, X-rays, electrocardiograms, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Responses were monitored by ejection fractions, cardiac output, and improvements in functional classifications (NYHA). Of the 88 patients 75%-85% showed statistically significant increases in two monitored cardiac parameters. Patients with the lowest ejection fractions (approx. 10%-30%) showed the highest increases (115 delta %-210 delta %) and those with higher ejection fractions (50%-80%) showed increases of approx. 10 delta %-25 delta % on therapy. By functional classification, 17/21 in class IV, 52/62 in class III, and 4/5 in class II improved to lower classes. Clinical responses appeared over variable times, and are presumably based on mechanisms of DNA-RNA-protein synthesis of apoenzymes which restore levels of CoQ10 enzymes in a deficiency state. 10/21 (48%) of patients in class IV, 26/62 (42%) in class III, and 2/5 (40%) in class II had exceptionally low control blood levels of CoQ10. Clinical responses on therapy with CoQ10 appear maximal with blood levels of approx. 2.5 micrograms CoQ10/ml and higher during therapy.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Perspectives on therapy of cardiovascular diseases with coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone)</h4><I>
Author(s): Mortensen SA Address: Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Rigshospitalet B 2142, State University Hospital, Copenhagen. Source: Clin Investig 1993;71(8 Suppl):S116-23 </I><BR>
Abstract: A defective myocardial energy supply--due to lack of substrates and/or essential cofactors and a poor utilization efficiency of oxygen--may be a common final pathway in the progression of myocardial diseases of various etiologies. The vitamin-like essential substance coenzyme Q10, or ubiquinone, is a natural antioxidant and has a key role in oxidative phosphorylation. A biochemical rationale for using coenzyme Q10 as a therapy in heart disease was established years ago by Folkers and associates; however, this has been further strengthened by investigations of viable myocardial tissue from the author's series of 45 patients with various cardiomyopathies. Myocardial tissue levels of coenzyme Q10 determined by high-performance lipid chromatography were found to be significantly lower in patients with more advanced heart failure compared with those in the milder stages of heart failure. Furthermore, the myocardial tissue coenzyme Q10 deficiency might be restored significantly by oral supplementation in selected cases. In the author's open clinical protocol study with coenzyme Q10 therapy (100 mg daily) nearly two-thirds of patients revealed clinical improvement, most pronounced in those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Double-blind placebo-controlled trials have definitely confirmed that coenzyme Q10 has a place as adjunctive treatment in heart failure with beneficial effects on the clinical outcome, the patients' physical activity, and their quality of life. The positive results have been above and beyond the clinical status obtained from treatment with traditional principles--including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Source: http://www.aeiveos.com/diet/coq10/94060604.html
<h4>Co-enzyme Q10: a new drug for cardiovascular disease</h4><I>
Author(s): Greenberg S; Frishman WH Address: Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Medical Center, New York, New York. Source: J Clin Pharmacol 1990 Jul;30(7):596-608 </I><BR>
Abstract: Co-enzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring substance which has properties potentially beneficial for preventing cellular damage during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It plays a role in oxidative phosphorylation and has membrane stabilizing activity. The substance has been used in oral form to treat various cardiovascular disorders including angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. Its clinical importance is now being established in clinical trails worldwide
Source: http://www.aeiveos.com/diet/coq10/90361822.html
<h4>A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10</h4><I>
Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. Department of Medicine, Scott & White Clinic, Temple, TX. </I><BR>
One hundred and forty-three cases of chronic, stable, non-secondary, non-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 98% of whom were in NYHA Classes III and IV, were given 100 mg of coenzyme Q10 orally in addition to their conventional medical programme in an open-label long-term study. Blood CoQ10 levels, clinical status, myocardial function and survival have been recorded now for almost 6 years. Mean control/CoQ10 levels of 0.85 micrograms/ml rose to 2 micrograms/ml in 3 months and remained stable at that level. Mean ejection fraction of 44% measured by systolic time interval analysis rose to 60% within 6 months and stabilized at that level with 84% of patients showing statistically significant improvement. Eighty-five percent of patients improved by one or two NYHA Classes. Survival figures were encouraging with an 11.1% mortality in 12 months and 17.8% mortality in 24 months, comparing favourably with several reports in the literature. There was no positive evidence of toxicity or intolerance in a total of 368.9 patient-years of exposure. Coenzyme Q10 is safe and effective long-term therapy for chronic cardiomyopathy.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Treatment of congestive heart failure with coenzyme Q10 illuminated by meta-analyses of clinical trials</h4><I>
Soja AM, Mortensen SA. Department of Medicine, County Hospital Sct. Elisabeth, Copenhagen, Denmark.</I><BR>
The purpose of this was to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) by measuring the possible improvement of certain relevant hemodynamic heart parameters. A statistic aggregation method know as a meta-analysis was used to measure the changes in the cardiac parameters. To begin with we collected the total number of randomized controlled trials and from a total of 14 studies published in the period of 1984-1994, eight studies met our inclusion criteria. The rest were excluded because of a lack of data which made a meta-analysis impossible. The relevant effect parameters investigated were stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), end diastolic volume index (EDVI), systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET) and total work capacity (Wmax). Seven meta-analyses were performed, one for each of the parameters, and the calculated effect sizes were all positive. Statistical significance could be demonstrated for all of the parameters except the PEP/LVET and Wmax thereby indicating an improvement of greater or lesser magnitude in the CoQ10 group as opposed to the placebo group. Accordingly, the average patient in the CoQ10 group had a better score with regard to SV and CO than 76 and 73% respectively of the patients in the placebo group.
In conclusion, supplemental treatment of CHF with CoQ10 is consistent with an improvement of SV, EF, CO, CI and EDVI. Homogeneity could be established for SV and CO. Additional clinical trials of the effect of CoQ10 on CHF are necessary, but, on the basis of the evidence currently available, the possibility remains that CoQ10 will receive a well-documented role as an adjunctive treatment of CHF.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant myocardial failure</h4><I>
Mortensen SA, Vadhanavikit S, Baandrup U, Folkers K. </I><BR>
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment, orally administered as 100 mg daily dose, was initiated in a series of patients with advanced heart failure in an open, controlled design. They were all showing an insufficient response to classical therapy with diuretics and digitalis. Twelve patients with various causes of heart failure, classified clinically by echocardiography (ECHO), (12/12), and heart catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy, (10/12), were followed prospectively for a mean period of seven months. Serial assessments: Clinical examination (with questionnaire), ECG, chest X-ray, ECHO, systolic time intervals (STI) and blood levels of CoQ10 were performed. With a mean latency period of 30 days, eight out of 12 patients (67%) showed definite clinical improvement. Subjectively, the patients felt less tired, their general activity tolerance increased and dyspnoea at rest disappeared. There were obvious signs of decreased right-sided stasis (hepatic congestion). The heart rate fell significantly, and the heart volume (chest X-ray) decreased in the eight responders (although n.s.). A significant reduction in the left atrial size (ECHO) was registered, suggesting a reduced preload of the left ventricle, Furthermore, a significant decline in the PEP/LVET ratio (STI) was indicative of an improved myocardial performance. Preliminary CoQ10 withdrawal results showed severe clinical relapse with subsequent improvement on CoQ10 reinstatement, supporting the interpretation that treatment of these patients corrected a myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and increased contractility. Hence CoQ10 appears to be an effective therapeutic agent in advanced cases of heart failure. This is an attractive circumvention of the traditional principles of therapy: supporting the myocardium directly by ameliorating a supposed underlying mitochondrial dysfunction (exhausted bioenergetics).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in clinical cardiology: a long-term study</h4><I>
Langsjoen H, Langsjoen P, Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K.University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77551, USA. </I><BR>
Over an eight year period (1985-1993), we treated 424 patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease by adding coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to their medical regimens. Doses of CoQ10 ranged from 75 to 600 mg/day by mouth (average 242 mg). Treatment was primarily guided by the patient's clinical response. In many instances, CoQ10 levels were employed with the aim of producing a whole blood level greater than or equal to 2.10 micrograms/ml (average 2.92 micrograms/ml, n = 297). Patients were followed for an average of 17.8 months, with a total accumulation of 632 patient years. Eleven patients were omitted from this study: 10 due to non-compliance and one who experienced nausea. Eighteen deaths occurred during the study period with 10 attributable to cardiac causes. Patients were divided into six diagnostic categories: ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), primary diastolic dysfunction (PDD), hypertension (HTN), mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and valvular heart disease (VHD). For the entire group and for each diagnostic category, we evaluated clinical response according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional scale, and found significant improvement. Of 424 patients, 58 per cent improved by one NYHA class, 28% by two classes and 1.2% by three classes. A statistically significant improvement in myocardial function was documented using the following echocardiographic parameters: left ventricular wall thickness, mitral valve inflow slope and fractional shortening. Before treatment with CoQ10, most patients were taking from one to five cardiac medications. During this study, overall medication requirements dropped considerably: 43% stopped between one and three drugs. Only 6% of the patients required the addition of one drug. No apparent side effects from CoQ10 treatment were noted other than a single case of transient nausea.
In conclusion, CoQ10 is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for a broad range of cardiovascular diseases, producing gratifying clinical responses while easing the medical and financial burden of multidrug therapy.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10</h4><I>
Crane FL. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. </I><BR>
Coenzyme Q is well defined as a crucial component of the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria which converts the energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids into ATP to drive cellular machinery and synthesis. New roles for coenzyme Q in other cellular functions are only becoming recognized. The new aspects have developed from the recognition that coenzyme Q can undergo oxidation/reduction reactions in other cell membranes such as lysosomes. Golgi or plasma membranes. In mitochondria and lysosomes, coenzyme Q undergoes reduction/oxidation cycles during which it transfers protons across the membrane to form a proton gradient. The presence of high concentrations of quinol in all membranes provides a basis for antioxidant action either by direct reaction with radicals or by regeneration of tocopherol and ascorbate. Evidence for a function in redox control of cell signaling and gene expression is developing from studies on coenzyme Q stimulation of cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, control of thiol groups, formation of hydrogen peroxide and control of membrane channels. Deficiency of coenzyme Q has been described based on failure of biosynthesis caused by gene mutation, inhibition of biosynthesis by HMG coA reductase inhibitors (statins) or for unknown reasons in ageing and cancer. Correction of deficiency requires supplementation with higher levels of coenzyme Q than are available in the diet.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<h4>Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function</h4><I>
Ernster L, Dallner G. Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden. </I><BR>
This presentation is a brief review of current knowledge concerning some biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of the function of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in mammalian organisms. In addition to its well-established function as a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, ubiquinone has in recent years acquired increasing attention with regard to its function in the reduced form (ubiquinol) as an antioxidant. Ubiquinone, partly in the reduced form, occurs in all cellular membranes as well as in blood serum and in serum lipoproteins. Ubiquinol efficiently protects membrane phospholipids and serum low-density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation, and, as recent data indicate, also mitochondrial membrane proteins and DNA from free-radical induced oxidative damage. These effects of ubiquinol are independent of those of exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamin E, although ubiquinol can also potentiate the effect of vitamin E by regenerating it from its oxidized form. Tissue ubiquinone levels are regulated through the mevalonate pathway, increasing upon various forms of oxidative stress, and decreasing during aging. Drugs inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis via the mevalonate pathway may inhibit or stimulate ubiquinone biosynthesis, depending on their site of action. Administration of ubiquinone as a dietary supplement seems to lead primarily to increased serum levels, which may account for most of the reported beneficial effects of ubiquinone intake in various instances of experimental and clinical medicine.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer ... t=Abstract
<H4>Other literatuur on the therapeutic effects of Q10</h4><I>:
Source: http://www.webmed.ch/Q10-Buch-Neu/qq94_Literatur.htm